为 Nexus5 编译 AndroidL 固件

Word count: 1.6kReading time: 7 min

 2015/02/04 

接前一篇文章使用Android Studio查看Android Lollipop源码, 我们知道,仅仅看代码,提高是比较有限的,而且理解起来也比较肤浅,往往过目就忘. 而自己写过的代码,往往会印象比较深刻,在写的时候也会比较容易理解流程. 所以我们在看代码的同时, 如果能修改代码, 在手机上跑起来并看到修改的效果,这无疑会加快看代码的效率和积极性. 所以这篇文章,就讲解一下如何自己编译AndroidL的源码,并且在Nexus5上跑起来. 至于为何需要自己编译固件,而不是直接安装Google给出的工厂固件?原因是Google给出的工厂固件是User版本,是没法随心所欲Push东西进去的. 所以我们需要编译自己的Userdebug版本.

本文假设你已经下载了AndroidL的源码,并且有一台Nexus5手机(手机系统开发人员必备), 如果你还没有AndroidL的源码,或者你有源码但是没有配置编译的环境,那么 Initializing a Build Environment 和Downloading the Source这两篇文章你应该先去看一下(我又一次假设你会翻墙,如果你不会翻墙,那么下代码也是一个痛苦的事情). 这后面的教程Google官网也有教程.所以我只针对Nexus5进行讲解.

另外你需要知道AOSP,AOSP即Android Open Source Project 汉语意思是：谷歌开放源代码项目.我们通过Google官方下载的源代码,就是AOSP的代码, 其中是不包含Google开发的那些个应用的,各个厂商拿到的也是这个版本,在这个版本的基础上进行修改. 而Google发布的工厂固件则是包含全套Google服务的. 厂商如果想安装Google服务,就需要过Google的那一套认证,比较麻烦,而且价格不菲,鉴于Google在国内的尴尬地位,国内很多厂商都没有过这个认证.

1. 初始化编译环境

1	. build/envsetup.sh

2. 加载机型

lunch

3. 选择要编译的机器

You're building on Linux

Lunch menu... pick a combo:
     1. aosp_arm-eng
     2. aosp_arm64-eng
     3. aosp_mips-eng
     4. aosp_mips64-eng
     5. aosp_x86-eng
     6. aosp_x86_64-eng
     7. aosp_shamu-userdebug
     8. aosp_manta-userdebug
     9. full_fugu-userdebug
     10. aosp_fugu-userdebug
     11. aosp_grouper-userdebug
     12. aosp_tilapia-userdebug
     13. aosp_deb-userdebug
     14. aosp_flo-userdebug
     15. aosp_mako-userdebug
     16. aosp_hammerhead-userdebug
     17. aosp_flounder-userdebug
     18. mini_emulator_x86_64-userdebug
     19. mini_emulator_arm-userdebug
     20. mini_emulator_x86-userdebug
     21. mini_emulator_mips-userdebug
     22. mini_emulator_arm64-userdebug

3.1 机型对照表

DEVICE	CODE NAME	BUILD CONFIGURATION
Nexus 6	shamu	aosp_shamu-userdebug
Nexus Player	fugu	aosp_fugu-userdebug
Nexus 9	volantis (flounder)	aosp_flounder-userdebug
Nexus 5 (GSM/LTE)	hammerhead	aosp_hammerhead-userdebug
Nexus 7 (Wi-Fi)	razor (flo)	aosp_flo-userdebug
Nexus 7 (Mobile)	razorg (deb)	aosp_deb-userdebug
Nexus 10	mantaray (manta)	full_manta-userdebug
Nexus 4	occam (mako)	full_mako-userdebug
Nexus 7 (Wi-Fi)	nakasi (grouper)	full_grouper-userdebug
Nexus 7 (Mobile)	nakasig (tilapia)	full_tilapia-userdebug
Galaxy Nexus (GSM/HSPA+)	yakju (maguro)	full_maguro-userdebug
Galaxy Nexus (Verizon)	mysid (toro)	aosp_toro-userdebug
Galaxy Nexus (Experimental)	mysidspr (toroplus)	aosp_toroplus-userdebug
PandaBoard (Archived)	panda	aosp_panda-userdebug
Motorola Xoom (U.S. Wi-Fi)	wingray	full_wingray-userdebug
Nexus S	soju (crespo)	full_crespo-userdebug
Nexus S 4G	sojus (crespo4g)	full_crespo4g-userdebug3.2

3.2 三个版本说明版本

BUILDTYPE	USE
user	limited access; suited for production
userdebug	like “user” but with root access and debuggability; preferred for debugging
eng	development configuration with additional debugging tools

选择aosp_hammerhead-userdebug之后,会有下面的确认信息:

============================================
PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=5.0.50.50.50.50
TARGET_PRODUCT=aosp_hammerhead
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=userdebug
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_BUILD_APPS=
TARGET_ARCH=arm
TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a-neon
TARGET_CPU_VARIANT=krait
TARGET_2ND_ARCH=
TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VARIANT=
TARGET_2ND_CPU_VARIANT=
HOST_ARCH=x86_64
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_OS_EXTRA=Linux-3.13.0-37-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.10-utopic
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=AOSP
OUT_DIR=out
============================================

4. 生成驱动目录

接下来需要在Android官网下载 Nexus5所需要的驱动:

HARDWARE COMPONENT	COMPANY	DOWNLOAD	MD5 CHECKSUM	SHA-1 CHECKSUM
NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi	Broadcom	Link	2c398994e37093df51b105d63f0eb611	991346159c95ae75f760014a6822b8b3e8667700
Camera, Sensors, Audio	LG	Link	74cf8235e6bb04da28b2ff738b13eee9	175dd5bae81bb54030d072cb0f0b4ec81eb3f71f
Graphics, GSM, Camera, GPS, Sensors, Media, DSP, USB	Qualcomm	Link	0a43395e175d3de3dc312d8abdcb4f20	007cf9d49f0409d5c703e7f2811fd153fee22353

下载完成后,解压出来是三个.sh文件,放到Android源码目录下面,然后执行.会将相关驱动放到vender目录下面.

5. 执行编译命令

make -j8

如果没有出错的话,在经过漫长的时间之后,编译成功:

Installed file list: out/target/product/hammerhead/installed-files.txt
Target system fs image: out/target/product/hammerhead/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img
Running:  mkuserimg.sh -s out/target/product/hammerhead/system out/target/product/hammerhead/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img ext4 system 1073741824 -L system out/target/product/hammerhead/root/file_contexts
make_ext4fs -s -T -1 -S out/target/product/hammerhead/root/file_contexts -L system -l 1073741824 -a system out/target/product/hammerhead/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img out/target/product/hammerhead/system
Creating filesystem with parameters:
    Size: 1073741824
    Block size: 4096
    Blocks per group: 32768
    Inodes per group: 8192
    Inode size: 256
    Journal blocks: 4096
    Label: system
    Blocks: 262144
    Block groups: 8
    Reserved block group size: 63
Created filesystem with 1445/65536 inodes and 85879/262144 blocks
Install system fs image: out/target/product/hammerhead/system.img
out/target/product/hammerhead/system.img+out/target/product/hammerhead/obj/PACKAGING/recovery_patch_intermediates/recovery_from_boot.p maxsize=1096212480 blocksize=135168 total=336629666 reserve=11083776

6. 刷机命令

Nexus5关机状态下,长按音量下+电源,即可进入recovery模式, 然后在源码根目录下执行下面命令:

1	fastboot -w flashall

刷机成功后会自动重启

~/Android-SourceCode fastboot -w flashall
target reported max download size of 1073741824 bytes
Creating filesystem with parameters:
    Size: 13725835264
    Block size: 4096
    Blocks per group: 32768
    Inodes per group: 8144
    Inode size: 256
    Journal blocks: 32768
    Label: 
    Blocks: 3351034
    Block groups: 103
    Reserved block group size: 823
Created filesystem with 11/838832 inodes and 93654/3351034 blocks
Creating filesystem with parameters:
    Size: 734003200
    Block size: 4096
    Blocks per group: 32768
    Inodes per group: 7472
    Inode size: 256
    Journal blocks: 2800
    Label: 
    Blocks: 179200
    Block groups: 6
    Reserved block group size: 47
Created filesystem with 11/44832 inodes and 5813/179200 blocks
--------------------------------------------
Bootloader Version...: HHZ12d
Baseband Version.....: M8974A-2.0.50.2.22
Serial Number........: 08ade1a513dc087b
--------------------------------------------
checking product...
OKAY [  0.100s]
sending 'boot' (8950 KB)...
OKAY [  0.500s]
writing 'boot'...
OKAY [  0.784s]
sending 'recovery' (9672 KB)...
OKAY [  0.556s]
writing 'recovery'...
OKAY [  0.814s]
erasing 'system'...
OKAY [  1.166s]
sending 'system' (328187 KB)...
OKAY [ 10.501s]
writing 'system'...
OKAY [ 23.623s]
erasing 'userdata'...
OKAY [ 14.657s]
sending 'userdata' (137318 KB)...
OKAY [  4.520s]
writing 'userdata'...
OKAY [  9.776s]
erasing 'cache'...
OKAY [  0.618s]
sending 'cache' (13348 KB)...
OKAY [  0.630s]
writing 'cache'...
OKAY [  1.070s]
rebooting...

finished. total time: 70.095s